This Bulletin was born in response to a 1979 Request of the African Governors of the World Bank for a review of the cause and potential cures for the dim economic prospects which they believed confronted their economies. It appeared in the autumn of 1981 s the first comprehensive ideological and programmatic manifesto setting out the post-McNamara Bank's response to lagging development (in many cases distintegration), in the context of rising global economic disorder and deepening industrial economy recession.