AAGR average annual growth rate
ABC Africa–Britain–China
ACE ASEAN Centre for Energy [Indonesia]
ADB Asian Development Bank [Philippines]
AGOA Africa Growth and Opportunity Act
AIIB Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank [China]
AJK Azad Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations [Indonesia]
AU African Union [Ethiopia]
B&R Belt and Road
BOI Board of Investment [Pakistan]
BOT build–operate–transfer
BRF Belt and Road Forum [China]
BRI Belt and Road Initiative [China]
BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa
CAGR compound annual growth rate
CAICT China Academy of Information and Communications Technology
CAS Chinese Academy of Sciences
CBD China Development Bank
CBRC Chinese Banking Regulatory Commission
CCCC China Communications Construction Company
CCICED China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development
CCIEE China Center for International Economic Exchanges
CDP Committee for Development Policy
CEEC Central and Eastern European Countries
CEIS Centre for Economic and International Studies [Italy]
CEPR Centre for Economic Policy Research [UK]
CGTN China Global Television Network
CHINCA China International Contractors Association
CIDCA China International Development Cooperation Agency
CIDP County Integrated Development Plan [Kenya]
CIKD Center for International Knowledge on Development [China]
CITIC China International Trust Investment Corporation
CMEC China Machinery Engineering Company
CMEC China–Myanmar Economic Corridor
CMPort China Merchant Port Holdings
CNPC China National Petroleum Corporation
COPHC China Overseas Ports Holding Company [Pakistan]
CPC Communist Party of China
CPEC China–Pakistan Economic Corridor
CPHGC China Power Hub Generation Company
CREEC China Railway Eryuan Engineering Company
CSAIL China Three Gorges South Asia Investment Ltd
CSR corporate social responsibility
CT computerised tomography
DACU Development Assistance Coordination Unit [Myanmar]
DBAR Digital Belt and Road programme [China]
DCM Deputy Chief of Mission, Chinese Embassy
DRC Democratic Republic of Congo
DRC Development Research Center
DTMB digital terrestrial multimedia broadcast
E&S environmental and social
EAC East African Community
EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development [UK]
EEC Eastern Economic Corridor
EECO Eastern Economic Corridor Office of Thailand
EHP early harvest project
EPC Engineering Procurement Construction
ESA environmental and social assessment
ESAL Port Planning and Development Committee [Greece]
EVI Economic Vulnerability Index
eWTP Electronic World Trade Platform
FCSSC Finance Center for South–South Cooperation [Hong Kong]
FDI foreign direct investment
FKE Federation of Kenyan Employers
FOCAC Forum on China–Africa Cooperation [China]
FY fiscal year
GCG Green Credit Guidance
GDP gross domestic product
GNI gross national income
HAI Human Assets Index
HCI Human Capital Index
HDI Human Development Index
HRADF Hellenic Republic Asset Development Fund [Greece]
ICAPP International Conference of Asian Political Parties [Korea]
ICT information and communications technology
IDB Inter-American Development Bank [USA]
IDS Institute of Development Studies [UK]
IFC International Finance Corporation, World Bank [USA]
IFCPS Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability of the International Financial Corporation, World Bank Group [USA]
IIED International Institute for Environment and Development [UK]
IIER Institute of International Economic Relations [Greece]
IMF International Monetary Fund [USA]
IOBE Foundation for Economic and Industrial Research [Greece]
ITLOS International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
JCC Joint Cooperation Committee
JWC Joint Working Group
KCETA Kenya China Economic and Trade Association [Kenya]
KKH Karakoram Highway [Pakistan–China]
KNBS Kenyan National Bureau of Statistics
KPK Khyber Pakhtunkhwa [Pakistan]
LDC least developed country
LIC low-income country
LLDC land-locked developing country
M&A mergers and acquisitions
MDB multilateral development bank
MEE Ministry of Ecology and Environment [China]
MEP Ministry of Environmental Protection [China]
MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs [China]
MOFCOM Ministry of Commerce [China]
MOGE Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise
MOI Means of Implementation
MOPF Ministry of Planning and Finance [Myanmar]
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
MPDR Ministry of Planning, Development and Reform [Pakistan]
MSDP Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan
MSDP-IU MSDP Implementation Unit
MTP Medium-Term Plan
MW megawatt
NDRC National Development and Reform Commission [China]
NECC National Economic Coordination Committee [Myanmar]
NEPRA National Electric Power Regulatory Authority [Pakistan]
NGO non-governmental organisation
NLD National League for Democracy [Myanmar]
NOC No Objection Certificate
O2O online to offline
OBOR One Belt, One Road [China]
ODA official development assistance
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [France]
OFDI outward foreign direct investment
PBOC People’s Bank of China
PERS Port Environmental Review System
PPA Piraeus Port Authority [Greece]
PPP public–private partnership
RMB renminbi
SAIIA South African Institute of International Affairs
SAR Special Administrative Region
SBN Sustainable Banking Network [USA]
SDGs Sustainable Development Goals
SEZ Special Economic Zone
SGR Standard Gauge Railway
SHARP Strategic Hires and Retention Pathways
SIDS small island developing states
SIM subscriber identification module
SME small- and medium-sized enterprise
SOE state-owned enterprise
TEU Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit
UAE United Arab Emirates
UN United Nations
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDP United Nations Development Programme [USA]
UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe [Switzerland]
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme [Kenya]
UNEP FI United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative
UNGC United Nations Global Compact
UNPRI United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment
UNSW University of New South Wales [Australia]
WITS World Integrated Trade Solution
WWF World Wide Fund for Nature [Switzerland]